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The refrigerant liquid flows through the turboexpander, where it is vaporized, and the vapor undergoes an isentropic expansion, which results in a low-temperature mixture of vapor and liquid. The vapor–liquid mixture is then routed through the evaporator, where it is vaporized by heat absorbed from the space being cooled.
In the generator, on heat addition, the temperature increases, and with it, the partial pressure of the refrigerant vapor is released from the strong solution. However, the generator requires a heat source, which would consume energy unless waste heat is used. In an absorption refrigerator, a suitable combination of refrigerant and absorbent is ...
Here S is the entropy of the system; T k is the temperature at which the heat enters the system at heat flow rate ˙; ˙ = ˙ = ˙ represents the entropy flow into the system at position k, due to matter flowing into the system (˙, ˙ are the molar flow rate and mass flow rate and S mk and s k are the molar entropy (i.e. entropy per unit ...
The SI unit is watt (W). Another unit common in non-metric regions or sectors is the ton of refrigeration, which describes the amount of water at freezing temperature that can be frozen in 24 hours, equivalent to 3.5 kW or 12,000 BTU/h. [1] [2] [3]
The choice of working fluids is known to have a significant impact on the thermodynamic as well as economic performance of the cycle. A suitable fluid must exhibit favorable physical, chemical, environmental, safety and economic properties such as low specific volume (high density), viscosity, toxicity, flammability, ozone depletion potential (ODP), global warming potential (GWP) and cost, as ...
In the first, constant-volume case (locked piston), there is no external motion, and thus no mechanical work is done on the atmosphere; C V is used. In the second case, additional work is done as the volume changes, so the amount of heat required to raise the gas temperature (the specific heat capacity) is higher for this constant-pressure case.
Specific volume is the volume occupied by a unit of mass of a material. [1] In many cases, the specific volume is a useful quantity to determine because, as an intensive property, it can be used to determine the complete state of a system in conjunction with another independent intensive variable. The specific volume also allows systems to be ...
For instance, in a refrigeration unit, the working fluid is called the refrigerant. Ammonia is a typical refrigerant and may be used as the primary working fluid. Compared with water (which can also be used as a refrigerant), ammonia makes use of relatively high pressures requiring more robust and expensive equipment.