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The duplication formula and the multiplication theorem for the gamma function are the prototypical examples. The duplication formula for the gamma function is (+) = ().It is also called the Legendre duplication formula [1] or Legendre relation, in honor of Adrien-Marie Legendre.
Duplication, or doubling, multiplication by 2; Duplication matrix, a linear transformation dealing with half-vectorization; Doubling the cube, a problem in geometry also known as duplication of the cube; A type of multiplication theorem called the Legendre duplication formula or simply "duplication formula"
Perhaps the best-known value of the gamma function at a non-integer argument is =, which can be found by setting = in the reflection or duplication formulas, by using the relation to the beta function given below with = =, or simply by making the substitution = in the integral definition of the gamma function, resulting in a Gaussian integral.
The answer seemed strange to the Delians, and they consulted Plato, who was able to interpret the oracle as the mathematical problem of doubling the volume of a given cube, thus explaining the oracle as the advice of Apollo for the citizens of Delos to occupy themselves with the study of geometry and mathematics in order to calm down their ...
The duplication matrix is the unique (+) matrix which, for any symmetric matrix, transforms () into (): = ().For the symmetric matrix = [], this transformation reads
More formulas of this nature can be given, as explained by Ramanujan's theory of elliptic functions to alternative bases. Perhaps the most notable hypergeometric inversions are the following two examples, involving the Ramanujan tau function τ {\displaystyle \tau } and the Fourier coefficients j {\displaystyle \mathrm {j} } of the J-invariant ...
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Geometry is, along with arithmetic, one of the oldest branches of mathematics. A mathematician who works in the field of geometry is called a geometer. Until the 19th century, geometry was almost exclusively devoted to Euclidean geometry, [a] which includes the notions of point, line, plane, distance, angle, surface, and curve, as fundamental ...