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The Dead Sea Scrolls, also called the Qumran Caves Scrolls, are a set of ancient Jewish manuscripts from the Second Temple period. They were discovered over a period of 10 years, between 1946 and 1956, at the Qumran Caves near Ein Feshkha in the West Bank, on the northern shore of the Dead Sea.
In the early part of the 20th century, the Dead Sea began to attract interest from chemists who deduced the sea was a natural deposit of potash (potassium chloride) and bromine. A concession was granted by the British Mandatory government to the newly formed Palestine Potash Company in 1929.
The Isaiah Scroll, designated 1QIsa a and also known as the Great Isaiah Scroll, is one of the seven Dead Sea Scrolls that were first discovered by Bedouin shepherds in 1946 from Qumran Cave 1. [1] The scroll is written in Hebrew and contains the entire Book of Isaiah from beginning to end, apart from a few small damaged portions. [ 2 ]
The content of many scrolls has not yet been fully published. Some resources for more complete information on the scrolls are the book by Emanuel Tov, "Revised Lists of the Texts from the Judaean Desert" [1] for a complete list of all of the Dead Sea Scroll texts, as well as the online webpages for the Shrine of the Book [2] and the Leon Levy Collection, [3] both of which present photographs ...
4Q Samuel a (4QSam a; 4Q51) was found in Cave 4 at Qumran, and dates from 50-25 BCE ("Herodian" period).The text is in Hebrew and written in square script. [3] This scroll is the most extensive, and it preserves fragments of 1 Samuel 1 - 2 Samuel 24.
The Dead Sea Scrolls, which are often attributed to the Essenes, suggest clashing ideologies and social positions between the Essenes and the Sadducees. In fact, some scholars suggest that the Essenes originated as a sect of Zadokites , which would indicate that the group itself had priestly, and thus Sadducaic origins.
Dead Sea Scrolls Some scholars discern the concept of a war in heaven in certain Dead Sea Scrolls : namely, the War of the Sons of Light Against the Sons of Darkness (also known as the War Scroll; 1QM and 4Q491–497), Song 5 of the Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice (4Q402), and the Melchizedek document (11Q13).
The Damascus Document [a] is an ancient Hebrew text known from both the Cairo Geniza and the Dead Sea Scrolls. [3] [4] It is considered one of the foundational documents of the ancient Jewish community of Qumran. [2] The Damascus Document is a fragmentary text, no complete version of which survives.