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Gangrene toes in a diabetic. Gangrene is a type of tissue death caused by a lack of blood supply. [4] Symptoms may include a change in skin color to red or black, numbness, swelling, pain, skin breakdown, and coolness. [1] The feet and hands are most commonly affected. [1]
Because diabetes affects the capillaries, the small blood vessels which feed the skin, thickening of the skin with callus increases the difficulty of supplying nutrients to the skin. [11] Callus formation is seen in high numbers of patients with diabetes, and together with absent foot pulses and formation of hammer toe , [ 12 ] [ 13 ] this may ...
The feet's insensivity to pain can easily be established by 512 mN quantitative pinprick stimulation. [3] In diabetes, peripheral nerve dysfunction can be combined with peripheral artery disease (PAD) causing poor blood circulation to the extremities (diabetic angiopathy). [4] Around half of the patients with a diabetic foot ulcer have co ...
Patients should avoid exposing their feet to hot water or harsh chemicals, as well should avoid walking barefoot to prevent development of diabetic foot infections. [3] Patients should also be educated about the importance of regularly trimming their toenails and ensuring they are kept short to avoid an infection from developing. [3] All ...
Similarly, these patients can get multiple fractures of the knee, ankle or foot, and develop a Charcot joint. Loss of motor function results in dorsiflexion, contractures of the toes, and loss of the interosseous muscle function that leads to contraction of the digits, so-called hammer toes. These contractures occur not only in the foot but ...
Diabetic foot ulcer is a breakdown of the skin and sometimes deeper tissues of the foot that leads to sore formation. It is thought to occur due to abnormal pressure or mechanical stress chronically applied to the foot, usually with concomitant predisposing conditions such as peripheral sensory neuropathy, peripheral motor neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy or peripheral arterial disease. [1]
Prognosis is generally poor for all forms of diabetic angiopathy, as symptomatology is tied to the advancement of the underlying pathology i.e. the early-stage patient displays either non-specific symptoms or none at all. [citation needed] "Diabetic dermopathy" is a manifestation of diabetic angiopathy.
However, diabetes does cause higher morbidity, mortality and operative risks with these conditions. [41] Diabetic foot, often due to a combination of sensory neuropathy (numbness or insensitivity) and vascular damage, increases rates of skin ulcers (diabetic foot ulcers) and infection and, in serious cases, necrosis and gangrene. It is why it ...