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The Purdue Spatial Visualization Test-Visualization of Rotations (PSVT:R) is a test of spatial visualization ability published by Roland B. Guay in 1977. [1] Many modifications of the test exist. The test consists of thirty questions of increasing difficulty, the standard time limit is 20 minutes.
The cognitive tests used to measure spatial visualization ability including mental rotation tasks like the Mental Rotations Test or mental cutting tasks like the Mental Cutting Test; and cognitive tests like the VZ-1 (Form Board), VZ-2 (Paper Folding), and VZ-3 (Surface Development) tests from the Kit of Factor-Reference cognitive tests produced by Educational Testing Service.
Although most tests show no sex difference, there are some that do. For example, it has been found that female subjects tend to perform better on tests of verbal abilities and processing speed while males tend to perform better on tests of visual-spatial ability and crystallized intelligence.
Males have much higher level of performance in three major spatial tasks which include spatial visualization, spatial perception and mental rotation. [42] [43] Spatial visualization elicits the smallest difference with a deviation of 0.13, perception a deviation of 0.44 and mental rotation the largest with a deviation of 0.73.
The block design test is also a relatively accurate measure of spatial ability and spatial visualization ability used in daily life. [7] The block design test is considered one of the best measures of spatial ability, although it is subject to certain problems of administration, such as anxiety or over-cautious responding.
The Mental Cutting Test is a measure of spatial visualization ability (MCT) (CEEB,1939) first developed for a university entrance examination in the USA. The test consists of 25 items. For each problem on the exam, students are shown a criterion figure which is to be cut with an assumed plane .
[8] [1] One typical study from 1989 found that 32% of college women failed the test, compared to 15% of college men. [8] A 1995 experiment found that 50% of undergraduate males and 25% of females performed "very well" on the task and 20% of males and 35% of females performed "poorly". [1] Similar sex differences have been confirmed ...
Example problem based on Shepard & Metzlar's "Mental Rotation Task": are these two three-dimensional shapes identical when rotated? Mental rotation is the ability to rotate mental representations of two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects as it is related to the visual representation of such rotation within the human mind. [1]