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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α), also known as NR1C1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group C, member 1), is a nuclear receptor protein functioning as a transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the PPARA gene. [5]
PPAR -alpha and -gamma pathways. In the field of molecular biology, the peroxisome proliferator–activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of nuclear receptor proteins that function as transcription factors regulating the expression of genes. [1]
The 7(S) enantiomer bound with micromolar affity to PPAR alpha with 10 fold higher affinity compared to the (R) enantiomer and could trigger dendritic activation. [1] PPARα (alpha) is the main target of fibrate drugs, a class of amphipathic carboxylic acids (clofibrate, gemfibrozil, ciprofibrate, bezafibrate, and fenofibrate).
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PPARGC1A gene. [4] PPARGC1A is also known as human accelerated region 20 . It may, therefore, have played a key role in differentiating humans from apes. [5] PGC-1α is the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis.
Pirinixic acid is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) agonist that is under experimental investigation for prevention of severe cardiac dysfunction, cardiomyopathy and heart failure as a result of lipid accumulation within cardiac myocytes. [1]
It is a first in class drug which acts as a dual PPAR agonist at the subtypes α (alpha) and γ (gamma) of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR). Agonist action on PPARα lowers high blood triglycerides, and agonist action on PPARγ improves insulin resistance and consequently lowers blood sugar. [2]
A main target of PEA is proposed to be the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α). [3] [4] PEA also has affinity to cannabinoid-like G-coupled receptors GPR55 and GPR119. [5] PEA cannot strictly be considered a classic endocannabinoid because it lacks affinity for the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. [6]
Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is an endogenous peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) agonist. It is a naturally occurring ethanolamide lipid that regulates feeding and body weight in vertebrates ranging from mice to pythons. [1] [2] [3]