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A fecal impaction or an impacted bowel is a solid, immobile bulk of feces that can develop in the rectum as a result of chronic constipation [1] (a related term is fecal loading which refers to a large volume of stool in the rectum of any consistency). [2]
Complications from constipation may include hemorrhoids, anal fissure or fecal impaction. [4] The normal frequency of bowel movements in adults is between three per day and three per week. [4] Babies often have three to four bowel movements per day while young children typically have two to three per day. [8] Constipation has many causes. [4]
Children have different bowel movement patterns than adults. In addition, there is a wide spectrum of normalcy when considering children's bowel habits. [1] On average, infants have 3-4 bowel movements/day, and toddlers have 2-3 bowel movements per day. At around age 4, children develop an adult-like pattern of bowel movements (1-2 stools/day).
A fecaloma is a more severe form of fecal impaction, ... "High failure rate of nonoperative management of acute appendicitis with an appendicolith in children".
For a child with real fecal incontinence, the normal mechanism of bowel control is not working. An alteration of the muscles that surround the anorectal canal along with poor sphincters (the muscles that control the anus) are responsible for fecal incontinence in children operated on for anorectal malformations with a bad prognosis.
Encopresis (from Ancient Greek ἐγκόπρησις, enkóprēsis) is voluntary or involuntary passage of feces outside of toilet-trained contexts (fecal soiling) in children who are four years or older and after an organic cause has been excluded. [1] Children with encopresis often leak stool into their undergarments.
Functional constipation, also known as chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC), is defined by less than three bowel movements per week, hard stools, severe straining, the sensation of anorectal blockage, the feeling of incomplete evacuation, and the need for manual maneuvers during feces, without organic abnormalities.
ODS often occurs together with fecal incontinence, especially in geriatric people. [39] Where ODS occurs with fecal incontinence, it may represent fecal impaction combined with overflow diarrhea (overflow incontinence). [39] Self-digitation (digital help) is the use of the digits (fingers) to apply pressure in order to achieve defecation.