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Prenatal vitamins typically contain increased amounts of folic acid, iodine, iron, vitamin A, vitamin D, zinc, and calcium over the amounts found in standard multi-vitamins. [4] Currently there is insufficient evidence that zinc supplements during pregnancy result in improved neonatal or maternal outcomes. [22]
Doses of folic acid over 1 mg are prescription only. The amount of non-prescription prenatal vitamins needed to achieve this dose may have too much vitamin A and lead to fetal toxicity. [2] In addition, the U.S Army currently provides female soldiers with optional prenatal supplements to combat high anemia rates in female soldiers. [10]
Dietary supplements such as folic acid and iron are important for a healthy pregnancy. [5] Some dietary supplements can cause side effects and harm to the mother or unborn child. [5] Pregnant women should discuss all dietary supplements with their health care professional to determine the appropriate dosage and which supplements are safe during ...
Side effects of therapy with oral iron are most often diarrhea or constipation and epigastric abdominal discomfort. Taken after a meal, side effects decrease, but there is an increased risk of interaction with other substances. Side effects are dose-dependent, and the dose may be adjusted. The patient may notice that their stools become black.
Although prenatal vitamins are not meant to substitute for dietary nutrition, prenatal supplementation may be beneficial for pregnant women at risk of nutrient deficiencies because of diet limitations or restrictions. The most common components in prenatal vitamins include vitamins B 6, folate, B 12, C, D, E, iron and calcium. [72]
For women, a drop in estrogen can cause weight gain, particularly in the abdomen (aka menopause belly). For men, low testosterone is linked to an increase in fat mass. Men with obesity are more ...
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