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The history of Chechnya may refer to the history of the Chechens, of their land Chechnya, or of the land of Ichkeria. Chechen society has traditionally been organized around many autonomous local clans, called taips. The traditional Chechen saying goes that the members of Chechen society, like its taips, are (ideally) "free and equal like wolves".
The history of the Caucasus region may be divided by geography into the history of the North Caucasus (Ciscaucasia), historically in the sphere of influence of Scythia and of Southern Russia (Eastern Europe), and that of the South Caucasus (Transcaucasia; Caucasian Albania, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan) in the sphere of influence of Persia ...
Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the North Caucasus saw renewed uprisings, particularly in Chechnya. The First Chechen War (1994–1996) [64] and Second Chechen War (1999–2000) [65] resulted in tens of thousands of deaths and widespread destruction, especially in Chechen cities like Grozny. [66]
On 21 December 1917, Ingushetia, Chechnya, and Dagestan declared independence from Russia and formed a single state: "United Mountain Dwellers of the North Caucasus" (also known as the Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus) which was recognized by major world powers. The capital of the new state was moved to Temir-Khan-Shura (Dagestan).
Chechnya was first incorporated as a whole into the Russian Empire in 1859 after the decades-long Caucasian War.Tsarist rule was marked by a transition into modern times, including the formation (or re-formation) of a Chechen bourgeoisie, the emergence of social movements, reorientation of the Chechen economy towards oil, heavy ethnic discrimination at the expense of Chechens and others in ...
However, other Caucasus people were affected as well. There were up to 1.5 million Chechens in the Caucasus in 1847, but as a result of this war and ensuing expulsions, their number dropped to 140,000 in 1861, and then further to 116,000 in 1867. [16] In 1865, at least 39,000 Chechens were exiled to the Ottoman Empire by the Russian Empire. [13]
The Chechen-Slav ethnic clashes took place from 1958 to 1965 in the North Caucasus (part of the Soviet Union at the time), upon ethnic tensions between Slavic settlers and local Chechens and Ingushs. [1] The violence began in 1958, upon a conflict between a Russian sailor and an Ingush youngster over a girl, in which the Russian was fatally ...
These invasions are among the most significant occurrences in Chechen and Ingush history, and have had long-ranging effects on Chechnya, Ingushetia and their peoples. Prelude During what was the late Middle Ages of Western Europe, the Caucasus was invaded by Mongols and their Turkic vassals.