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Children with this disorder may grow slowly and puberty may be delayed by several years or indefinitely. Growth hormone deficiency has no single definite cause. It can be caused by mutations of specific genes, damage to the pituitary gland, Turner's syndrome, poor nutrition, [27] or even stress (leading to psychogenic dwarfism).
Achondroplasia is a genetic disorder with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance whose primary feature is dwarfism. [3] It is the most common cause of dwarfism [4] and affects about 1 in 27,500 people. [3] In those with the condition, the arms and legs are short, while the torso is typically of normal length. [3]
It is thought that chondrodystrophy [2] is caused by an autosomal, recessive allele.To avoid a potential "lethal dose", both parents can be genetically tested.If a child is conceived with another carrier the outcome may be lethal, or the child may suffer from chondrodystrophy or dwarfism. [3]
Laron syndrome (LS), also known as growth hormone insensitivity or growth hormone receptor deficiency (GHRD), is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a lack of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1; somatomedin-C) production in response to growth hormone (GH; hGH; somatotropin). [6]
It is often termed Brachmann de Lange syndrome or Bushy syndrome and is also known as Amsterdam dwarfism. Its exact incidence is unknown, but it is estimated at 1 in 10,000 to 30,000. Its exact incidence is unknown, but it is estimated at 1 in 10,000 to 30,000.
Maroteaux type causes severe dwarfism with a height below 120 cm. [6] This type also causes shortening of the middle and distal segments of the limbs. [6] Grebe dysplasia causes extreme abnormalities of the limb joints and limbs. [7] In this type of AMD, the hands and feet are affected the most. [7]
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Hypochondroplasia (HCH) is a developmental disorder caused by an autosomal dominant genetic defect in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 gene that results in a disproportionately short stature, micromelia [3] and a head that appears large in comparison with the underdeveloped portions of the body. It is classified as short-limbed dwarfism.