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An XML namespace is declared using the reserved XML attribute xmlns or xmlns:prefix, the value of which must be a valid namespace name. For example, the following declaration maps the "xhtml:" prefix to the XHTML namespace:
In HTML and XML, a numeric character reference refers to a character by its Universal Character Set/Unicode code point, and uses the format: &#xhhhh;. or &#nnnn; where the x must be lowercase in XML documents, hhhh is the code point in hexadecimal form, and nnnn is the code point in decimal form.
This says that element named "foo" in the XML namespace" may have two attributes, named "first" and "second". A "foo" element may not have any character data. It must contain one subelement, named "bar", also in the "" namespace. A "bar" element is not allowed any attributes, character data or subelements.
A QName, or qualified name, is the fully qualified name of an element, attribute, or identifier in an XML document. A QName concisely associates the URI of an XML namespace with the local name of an element, attribute, or identifier in that namespace. [1] To make this association, the QName assigns the local name a prefix that corresponds to ...
Code that uses this iterator can test the current item (to tell, for example, whether it is a start-tag or end-tag, or text), and inspect its attributes (local name, namespace, values of XML attributes, value of text, etc.), and can also move the iterator to the next item. The code can thus extract information from the document as it traverses it.
XML documents have a hierarchical structure and can conceptually be interpreted as a tree structure, called an XML tree. XML documents must contain a root element (one that is the parent of all other elements). All elements in an XML document can contain sub elements, text and attributes.
A new XML schema can be developed from scratch, or can reuse some fragments of other XML schemas. All schema languages offer some tools (for example, include and modularization control over namespaces) and recommend reuse where practical.
In the preceding example, there is enough information in the structure of the document itself (which is specified by the "root" element) to provide a means of unambiguously resolving element names. For example, using XPath: //root/person/title ;; the formal title for a person //root/book/title ;; the title of a book