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John Bardeen (/ b ɑːr ˈ d iː n /; May 23, 1908 – January 30, 1991) [2] was an American physicist and electrical engineer.He is the only person to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics twice: first in 1956 with William Shockley and Walter Brattain for the invention of the transistor; and again in 1972 with Leon N. Cooper and John Robert Schrieffer for a fundamental theory of conventional ...
The introduction of the transistor is often considered one of the most important inventions in history. [1] [2] Transistors are broadly classified into two categories: bipolar junction transistor (BJT) and field-effect transistor (FET). [3] The principle of a field-effect transistor was proposed by Julius Edgar Lilienfeld in 1925. [4]
[30]: 153 [31]: 145 Shive's invention sparked [32] Shockley's invention of the junction transistor. [30]: 143 A few months later he invented an entirely new, considerably more robust, type of transistor with a layer or 'sandwich' structure. This structure went on to be used for the vast majority of all transistors into the 1960s, and evolved ...
A replica of the first working transistor, a point-contact transistor invented in 1947 Herbert Mataré (pictured in 1950) independently invented a point-contact transistor in June 1948. A Philco surface-barrier transistor developed and produced in 1953
Walter Houser Brattain (/ ˈ b r æ t ən /; February 10, 1902 – October 13, 1987) was an American physicist at Bell Labs who, along with fellow scientists John Bardeen and William Shockley, invented the point-contact transistor in December 1947. [1]
William Shockley then invented the bipolar junction transistor at BTL in 1948. [23] While early junction transistors were relatively bulky devices that were difficult to manufacture on a mass-production basis, [24] they opened the door for more compact devices. [25] Robert Noyce invented the monolithic integrated circuit chip (1959).
Scientists built the most resilient transistor ever. It’s faster and tougher than anything before—but scaling up won’t be easy. Scientists Made a Transistor That Survives 100 Billion ...
Teal joined Bell Labs in 1930 and would remain employed there for 22 years. [1] During his time there, he continued to work with germanium and silicon. [1] When William Shockley's group at Bell Labs invented the transistor in 1947, Teal realized that substantial improvements in the device would result if it was fabricated using a single crystal, rather than the polycrystalline material then ...