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Data from studies conducted on women taking antiepileptic drugs for non-epileptic reasons, including depression and bipolar disorder, show that if high doses of the drugs are taken during the first trimester of pregnancy then there is the potential of an increased risk of congenital malformations.
The term seizure threshold is used to describe the balance between excitatory (glutaminergic) and inhibitory (GABA-ergic) forces in the brain which affect how susceptible a person is to seizures. Those diagnosed with epilepsy or certain other neurological conditions are more vulnerable to seizures if the threshold is reduced, and should be ...
Pentylenetetrazol has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomena and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility. For instance, researchers can induce status epilepticus in animal models. Pentylenetetrazol is also a prototypical anxiogenic drug and has been extensively used in animal models of anxiety.
Antipsychotics are not recommended for benzodiazepine withdrawal (or other CNS depressant withdrawal states) especially clozapine, olanzapine or low potency phenothiazines, e.g., chlorpromazine as they lower the seizure threshold and can worsen withdrawal effects; if used extreme caution is required.
Quinidine may interact with chlorpromazine to increase myocardial depression. [5] Likewise, it may also antagonize the effects of clonidine and guanethidine. [5] It also may reduce the seizure threshold and hence a corresponding titration of anticonvulsant treatments should be considered. [5]
Interictal dysphoric disorder (IDD) is a mood disorder sometimes found in patients with epilepsy, at a prevalence rate of approximately 17%. [1] The most common symptom of IDD is intermittent dysphoric mood in between seizures.
Primidone is an anticonvulsant of the barbiturate class; [7] however, its long-term effect in raising the seizure threshold is likely due to its active metabolite, phenobarbital. [10] The drug’s other active metabolite is phenylethylmalonamide (PEMA). Primidone was approved for medical use in the United States in 1954. [7]
Noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants (NaSSAs) are a class of psychiatric drugs used primarily as antidepressants. [1] They act by antagonizing the α 2 -adrenergic receptor and certain serotonin receptors such as 5-HT 2A and 5-HT 2C , [ 1 ] but also 5-HT 3 , [ 1 ] 5-HT 6 , and/or 5-HT 7 in some cases.