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Small rockfall protection embankment; compacted ground and rockery facing. (Soazza, Switzerland) The very first use of rockfall protection embankments dates back to the 1950s. Originally, embankments were mainly made from compacted natural soil and were designed for rather low-impact-energy events. [3]
Cattle grazing below high water, Isle of Dogs, 1792 (Robert Dodd, detail: National Maritime Museum) The Embanking of the tidal Thames is the historical process by which the lower River Thames, at one time a shallow waterway, perhaps five times broader than today, winding through malarious marshlands, has been transformed by human intervention into a deep, narrow tidal canal flowing between ...
A levee, an artificial bank raised above the immediately surrounding land to redirect or prevent flooding by a river, lake or sea; Embankment (earthworks), a raised bank to carry a road, railway, or canal across a low-lying or wet area
The mound is built above the subterranean nest. The nest itself is a spheroidal structure consisting of numerous gallery chambers. They come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes. Some, like Odontotermes termites build open chimneys or vent holes into their mounds, while others build completely enclosed mounds like Macrotermes.
The natural slope of the flood plains is often very small, and little fall (or head loss) is permissible in the culverts. Researchers developed and patented the design procedure of minimum energy loss culverts which yield small afflux. [21] [22] [23] A minimum energy loss culvert or waterway is a structure designed with the concept of minimum ...
Earth ditch and rampart defences on the Ipf near Bopfingen, Germany Reconstructed pfostenschlitzmauer of the oppidum at Finsterlohr, Creglingen, Germany. The composition and design of ramparts varied from the simple mounds of earth and stone, known as dump ramparts, to more complex earth and timber defences (box ramparts and timberlaced ramparts), as well as ramparts with stone revetments. [2]
It’s annoying to discover unsightly holes, mounds, or tunnels in your lawn or garden beds. But figuring out what’s excavating without your permission isn’t straightforward. “There’s some ...
A burrow is a hole or tunnel excavated into the ground by an animal to construct a space suitable for habitation or temporary refuge, or as a byproduct of locomotion. Burrows provide a form of shelter against predation and exposure to the elements, and can be found in nearly every biome and among various biological interactions. Many animal ...