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The definition of carbon steel from the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) states: ... Medium-carbon steel has approximately 0.3–0.5% carbon content. [1]
Alloy steels; 2x: Tool steels 3x: Miscellaneous steels 4x: ... Carbon steels 1.1141 1.0401 1.0453: C15D C18D: 1010 1018: CK15 C15 C16.8: 040A15 080M15 080A15 EN3B ...
The simplest steels are iron (Fe) alloyed with (0.1% to 1%) carbon (C) and nothing else (excepting slight impurities); these are called carbon steels. However, alloy steel encompasses steels with additional (metal) alloying elements.
The term hardened steel is often used for a medium or high carbon steel that has been given heat treatment and then quenching followed by tempering. The quenching results in the formation of metastable martensite, the fraction of which is reduced to the desired amount during tempering. This is the most common state for finished articles such as ...
Type 1: Medium carbon steel, boron steel, or medium carbon alloy steel; Type 2: Low carbon martensitic steel [7] (withdrawn from the standard in 1991) Type 3: Weathering steel; There is also a T version, which is used to refer to fully threaded bolts. [6] Note that independent of the material the bolt is quenched and tempered. [7]
4340 steel is an ultra-high strength steel classified a medium-carbon, low-alloy steel. 4340 steel has high strength, ductility, toughness, creep resistance, and fatigue resistance relative to most other steels.
Steel with a high carbon content will reach a much harder state than steel with a low carbon content. Likewise, tempering high-carbon steel to a certain temperature will produce steel that is considerably harder than low-carbon steel that is tempered at the same temperature. The amount of time held at the tempering temperature also has an effect.
For a eutectoid steel (0.76% C), between 6 and 10% of austenite, called retained austenite, will remain. The percentage of retained austenite increases from insignificant for less than 0.6% C steel, to 13% retained austenite at 0.95% C and 30–47% retained austenite for a 1.4% carbon steel. A very rapid quench is essential to create martensite.