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Detail from the church of Lambrechtshagen, Germany, 1759: Daniel in the lions' den with Darius the Mede above. Darius the Mede is mentioned in the Book of Daniel as King of Babylon between Belshazzar and Cyrus the Great, but he is not known to secular history and there is no space in the historical timeline between those two verified rulers. [1]
Cyrus was a formidable opponent, so Croesus allied with the Pharaoh of Egypt, Amasis II, and the Spartans of Greece. Perhaps the Babylonian king Nabonidus also belonged to the same alliance [ 21 ] because, despite seeing benefits in the Medo-Persian conflict, the growing power of Cyrus posed a great threat to the Neo-Babylonian Empire . [ 3 ]
When Cyrus awoke from the dream, he inferred it as a great danger to the future security of the empire, as it meant that Darius would one day rule the whole world. However, his son Cambyses was the heir to the throne, not Darius, causing Cyrus to wonder if Darius was forming treasonable and ambitious designs.
Thus the only known full siblings of Arsaces were his younger brothers Cyrus, Ostanes, Oxathres, and an older sister, Amestris. [13] With the exception of Arsaces and Cyrus, not much is known about the children of Darius II and Parysatis. Cyrus was most likely born in 424/423 BC, just after the accession of Darius II. [15]
Cyrus was assumed by the Marduk priesthood to be wrathful at the impiety of Nabonidus who had moved the images of the local gods from their ancestral shrines to his formal capital Babylon. [ citation needed ] A year before Cyrus' death, in 529 BCE, he elevated his son Cambyses II in the government, making him king of Babylon, while he reserved ...
This might support a King Darius ruling at the time Cyrus conquered Babylon but it might also refer to Darius the Great (reigned 522–486), who might have reduced Nabonidus's province later on. This reference to the name Darius was used in the 19th century commentaries of Keil, Delitzsch, and Lange to assert that "Darius the Mede" in the Book ...
Cyrus II "the Great" was a son of Cambyses I, who had named his son after his father, Cyrus I. [37] There are several inscriptions of Cyrus the Great and later kings that refer to Cambyses I as the "great king" and "king of Anshan". Among these are some passages in the Cyrus cylinder where Cyrus calls himself "son of Cambyses, great king, king ...
Some modern scholars also view the unusual decision of Darius to give the throne to Xerxes as a result of his consideration of the particular prestige that Cyrus the Great and his daughter Atossa enjoyed. [19] Artobazan was born to "Darius the subject", while Xerxes was the eldest son "born in the purple" after Darius' rise to the throne ...