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Tigerfish can refer to fish from various families, and derives from official and colloquial associations of these with the tiger (Panthera tigris). However, the primary species designated by the name "tigerfish" are African and belong to the family Alestidae .
Hydrocynus vittatus, the African tigerfish, tiervis or ngwesh [3] is a predatory freshwater fish distributed throughout much of Africa. This fish is generally a piscivore but it has been observed leaping out of the water and catching barn swallows in flight.
The goliath tigerfish has a characteristic silvery gray dorsum and flanks, with a tunniform body plan similar to that of tuna, featuring black adipose fins. The goliath tigerfish is described as the "Monster Fish of the Congo" by a 2008 documentary by National Geographic, a reflection of its monster-like qualities and of its perception by local people and hunters.
Five species of Hydrocynus tigerfish are currently recognised. [6] Hydrocynus brevis (Günther, 1864) (Tigerfish) Hydrocynus forskahlii (G. Cuvier, 1819) (Elongate tigerfish) Hydrocynus goliath Boulenger, 1898 (Giant tigerfish) Hydrocynus tanzaniae B. Brewster, 1986 (Blue tigerfish) Hydrocynus vittatus Castelnau, 1861 (Striped tigerfish)
Tigerfish are rare in the aquarium trade but this species is the most commonly traded and kept species. [5] As Hydrocynus forskahlii is a commercially important species it suffers from heavy fishing pressure. In addition it is threatened by dams, water pollution, groundwater extraction and drought. [1]
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The largest species is the African freshwater fish, the giant tigerfish (Hydrocynus goliath). The top size of this fish is 1.5 m (4.9 ft) and 50 kg (110 lb).
The tigerfish is silver in colour when young, with thin black horizontal stripes and an elongated body that tapers at both ends. As the fish grows, it will develop a bronze coloration and the stripes will fade. The ventral and caudal fins have a slight red-orange tint, and the adipose fin is grey to black.