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Multiple threads can interfere with each other when sharing hardware resources such as caches or translation lookaside buffers (TLBs). As a result, execution times of a single thread are not improved and can be degraded, even when only one thread is executing, due to lower frequencies or additional pipeline stages that are necessary to accommodate thread-switching hardware.
Usually, the standoff has a #6-32 UNC male thread on one end which screws into a threaded hole in the case or motherboard backplate and a #6-32 UNC female thread in the other end which accepts a screw to retain the motherboard. Less often, the standoff has a female thread in both ends and a second screw is used to attach it to the case.
Communication usually takes place by passing data from one thread to the next as part of a workflow. [ 2 ] As a simple example, if a system is running code on a 2-processor system ( CPUs "a" & "b") in a parallel environment and we wish to do tasks "A" and "B", it is possible to tell CPU "a" to do task "A" and CPU "b" to do task "B ...
In fine-grained parallelism, a program is broken down to a large number of small tasks. These tasks are assigned individually to many processors. The amount of work associated with a parallel task is low and the work is evenly distributed among the processors. Hence, fine-grained parallelism facilitates load balancing. [3]
Overall the performance history of hyper-threading was a mixed one in the beginning. As one commentary on high-performance computing from November 2002 notes: [20] Hyper-Threading can improve the performance of some MPI applications, but not all. Depending on the cluster configuration and, most importantly, the nature of the application running ...
A process with two threads of execution, running on one processor Program vs. Process vs. Thread Scheduling, Preemption, Context Switching. In computer science, a thread of execution is the smallest sequence of programmed instructions that can be managed independently by a scheduler, which is typically a part of the operating system. [1]
The affinity of a thread can be altered with one of the library functions: pthread_setaffinity_np(3) or pthread_attr_setaffinity_np(3). On SGI systems, dplace binds a process to a set of CPUs. [4] On DragonFly BSD 1.9 (2007) and later versions, usched_set system call can be used to control the affinity of a process.
This range of capabilities, specifically in this case the number of CPUs, means that the SPEC INT benchmark is usually run on only a single CPU, even if the system has many CPUs. If a single CPU has multiple cores , only a single core is used; hyper-threading is also typically disabled,