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The optic nerve can be damaged when exposed to direct or indirect injury. Direct optic nerve injuries are caused by trauma to the head or orbit that crosses normal tissue planes and disrupts the anatomy and function of the optic nerve; e.g., a bullet or forceps that physically injures the optic nerve.
The optic disc appears abnormally small, because not all the optic nerve axons have developed properly. [1] It is often associated with endocrinopathies (hormone deficiencies), developmental delay, and brain malformations. [2] The optic nerve, which is responsible for transmitting visual signals from the retina to the brain, has approximately 1 ...
The exact mechanism of optic nerve ischemia in these cases remains unclear, but contributing factors may include hypotension, anemia, hypoxia, and changes in the autoregulation of optic nerve arterial blood flow. The incidence of ischemic optic neuropathy leading to vision loss following general surgeries ranges between 0.1% and 0.002%.
A chest X-ray or CT scan should be ordered if granulomatous optic neuropathy caused by sarcoidosis is suspected. [ 3 ] Magnetic resonance imaging can capture optic nerve inflammation, but this finding is not present in all patients, [ 1 ] [ 3 ] [ 13 ] Diffusion tensor imaging has been shown to detect widespread white matter abnormalities in ...
Toxic and nutritional optic neuropathy is a group of medical disorders defined by visual impairment due to optic nerve damage secondary to a toxic substance and/or nutritional deficiency. The causes of these disorders are various, but they are linked by shared signs and symptoms.
Health officials in Europe are investigating Ozempic and the trendy drug’s possible link to an eye-rotting condition that causes blindness. On Dec. 17, the European Medicines Agency announced ...
Another visual test—optical coherence tomography (OCT) analyzes the optic nerve head—shows other structural consequences of the disease as retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell layer thinning. Photographs of the fundus shows the typical optic atrophy worse on the temporal side of the optic disc in the shape of a wedge. [5]
Autoimmune optic neuropathy (AON), sometimes called autoimmune optic neuritis, may be a forme fruste of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated optic neuropathy. AON is more than the presence of any optic neuritis in a patient with an autoimmune process, as it describes a relatively specific clinical syndrome.
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