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A carrack (Portuguese ... Evolving from the single-masted cog, the carrack was first used for European trade from the Mediterranean to the Baltic and quickly found ...
Reconstructed excavated cog from 1380 at Deutsches Schiffahrtsmuseum. The first archaeological find that was identified as a cog, was a ship wreck discovered in 1944 by P. J. R. Modderman in the Noordoostpolder near Emmeloord (plot NM 107). The wreck was reburied in situ and a 2008 re-excavation confirmed the interpretation as a cog.
It was a larger vessel than the caravel. Columbus's flagship, the Santa María, was a famous example of a carrack. The ships commanded by Vasco da Gama as the São Gabriel, with six sails, a bowsprit, foresail, mizzen, spritsail and two topsails, already had the complete features and the design of the typical carrack.
Carrack Three or four masted ship, square-rigged forward, lateen-rigged aft; 14th–16th century successor to the cog Cartel A small boat used to negotiate between enemies Catboat A sailing vessel characterized by a single mast carried well forward (i.e., near the bow of the boat) Clipper
Over time these castles became higher and larger, and eventually were built into the structure of the ship, increasing overall strength. This aspect of the cog remained in the newer-style carrack designs and proved its worth in battles like that at Diu in 1509. The Mary Rose was an early 16th-century English carrack or "great ship".
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Large high-sided sailing ships had always been formidable obstacles for galleys. To low-freeboard oared vessels, the bulkier sailing ships, the cog and the carrack, were almost like floating fortresses, being difficult to board and even harder to capture. Galleys remained useful as warships throughout the entire Middle Ages because of their ...
Carrack: three or four masted ship, square-rigged forward, lateen-rigged aft; Clipper: a merchant ship designed specifically for speed; Cog: plank-built, one-masted, square-rigged vessel; Dhow: a lateen-rigged merchant or fishing vessel; Djong: large tradeship used by ancient Indonesian and Malaysian people