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20 March 1880: National Bell Telephone merges with others to form the American Bell Telephone Company. 1 April 1880: world's first wireless telephone call on Bell and Tainter's photophone (distant precursor to fiber-optic communications) from the Franklin School in Washington, D.C. to the window of Bell's laboratory, 213 meters away. [20] [21]
The Edison patents kept the Bell monopoly viable into the 20th century, by which time telephone networks were more important than the instrument. Early telephones were locally powered by a dynamic transmitter. One of the jobs of outside plant personnel was to visit each telephone periodically to inspect the battery.
Vail recognized the importance of educating the public about the social opportunities created by the telephone. To achieve this, he hired J. D. Ellsworth to create a nationwide advertising campaign. By the 1930s, telephone companies were promoting this aspect of their service with the slogan, "Reach out, reach out and touch someone!". [22]
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 21 December 2024. Technical and legal issues surrounding the development of the modern telephone For broader coverage of this topic, see History of the telephone. Replica of Antonio Meucci's telettrofono Reis's telephone The invention of the telephone was the culmination of work done by more than one ...
US 485,311—Telephone (solid back carbon transmitter)—Anthony C. White (Bell engineer) This design was used until 1925 and installed phones were used until the 1940s. US 3,449,750 — Duplex Radio Communication and Signalling Apparatus —G. H. Sweigert
The electric telephone was invented in the 1870s, based on earlier work with harmonic (multi-signal) telegraphs. The first commercial telephone services were set up in 1878 and 1879 on both sides of the Atlantic in the cities of New Haven, Connecticut in the US and London, England in the UK.
Because telephones of this era, e.g. the Western Electric 302 desk rotary phone or the M3 354 wall telephone, were designed to send pulses or clicks to the central office's switching station, smaller digits were quicker to dial. This makes the fastest-dialing area code 212 (5 total clicks), followed by 312 and 213 (6 clicks).
The very earliest mechanical telephones were based on transmission through pipes or other physical media, and among the very earliest experiments were those conducted by the British physicist and polymath Robert Hooke from 1664 to 1685. [1] [2] From 1664 to 1665 Hooke experimented with sound transmission through a taut extended wire. [3]