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The lexical route is the process whereby skilled readers can recognize known words by sight alone, through a "dictionary" lookup procedure. [ 1 ] [ 4 ] According to this model, every word a reader has learned is represented in a mental database of words and their pronunciations that resembles a dictionary, or internal lexicon.
Lexical and structural agraphia are caused by damage to the orthographic memory; these individuals cannot visualize the spelling of a word, though they do retain the ability to sound them out. [2] This impaired spelling memory can imply the loss or degradation of the knowledge or just an inability to efficiently access it. [ 2 ]
A 2007 fMRI study found that subjects asked to produce regular words in a spelling task exhibited greater activation in the left posterior STG, an area used for phonological processing, while the spelling of irregular words produced greater activation of areas used for lexical memory and semantic processing, such as the left IFG and left SMG ...
However, there are clearly many more categories and sub-categories. For nouns, the plural, possessive, and singular forms can be distinguished. In many languages words are also marked for their case (role as subject, object, etc.), grammatical gender, and so on; while verbs are marked for tense, aspect, and other things.
Extensive research has shown that morphology-based instruction, such as SWI, can significantly improve literacy skills. A systematic review of the literature, The Effects of Morphological Instruction on Literacy Skills (2010), found that teaching morphology helps students connect spelling, meaning, and pronunciation in ways that enhance reading and writing. [4]
Argument structure is the list of selected arguments associated with a lexical category, such as a verb (SKS, 2015) [verification needed].When every predicate, otherwise known as a verb, is used, it selects a specific set of arguments that need to be fulfilled to create a well-formed sentence (Kroger, 2005).
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The book was printed by the Riverside Press in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The first edition had 2,726 pages (measuring 9 in or 230 mm wide by 13 in or 330 mm tall by 3 in or 76 mm thick), weighed 13 + 1 ⁄ 2 lb (6.1 kg), and originally sold for $47.50 ($484 in 2023 dollars [1]). The changes were the most radical in the history of the Unabridged