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The Sharifate of Medina or Emirate of Medina was an emirate centred on the Islamic holy city of Medina in the Hejaz.It was established during the dissolution of the Abbasid empire in the mid-tenth century, and was ruled by a series of sharif s of the Banu Muhanna dynasty, descendants of Muhammad via Ali ibn Abi Talib and his son Husayn.
656 - Ali becomes caliph and moves capital from Medina to Kufa. [7] [8] 661 - Umayyad Caliphate established; capital moved from Medina to Damascus. [1] 662 - Marwan ibn al-Hakam becomes Governor of Madina. 683 - Medina sacked by Umayyads. [9] [4] 8th century - Sharia (Islamic law) codified in Medina. [3] 706 - Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz becomes ...
Medina, [a] officially Al-Madinah al-Munawwarah (Arabic: المدينة المنورة, romanized: al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah, lit. 'The Luminous City', Hejazi Arabic pronunciation: [al.maˈdiːna al.mʊˈnawːara]) and also commonly simplified as Madīnah or Madinah (المدينة, al-Madina), is the capital of Medina Province (formerly known as Yathrib) in the Hejaz region of western Saudi ...
In early Islamic history, the governor of Medina (Arabic: عامل المدينة, romanized: ʿāmil al-Madīnah) was an official who administered the city of Medina and its surrounding territories. During the era of the Rashidun , Umayyad and early Abbasid caliphates, the governor was generally appointed by the caliph , and remained in office ...
The first-ever establishment of an Islamic polity goes back to the Islamic State of Medina, which was established by Muhammad in the city of Medina in 622 CE. Following his death in 632 CE, his immediate successors established the Rashidun Caliphate .
The Emirate extended its rule beyond Najd and into the Hijaz which culminated with the capture of Medina in April 1804 [19] and Mecca in 1806. [16] In addition to capturing Hijaz he managed to strengthen his authority there. [18] Furthermore, Bahrain and Oman were annexed to the Emirate, and Saud exerted his influence in Yemen. [18]
The Sharifate of Mecca (Arabic: شرافة مكة, romanized: Sharāfat Makka) or Emirate of Mecca [1] was a state, non-sovereign for much of its existence, ruled by the Sharif of Mecca. A sharif is a descendant of Hasan ibn Ali , Muhammad 's grandson. [ 2 ]
Jammaz was a younger son of Shihah ibn Hashim, who ruled the Sharifate of Medina from 1226/7 until his assassination in 1249/50. [1] Shihah was succeeded by his son Isa, who had already served as his father's deputy; but he soon faced the opposition of his two brothers, Jammaz and Munif.