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The most common convention is to name inverse trigonometric functions using an arc- prefix: arcsin(x), arccos(x), arctan(x), etc. [1] (This convention is used throughout this article.) This notation arises from the following geometric relationships: [ citation needed ] when measuring in radians, an angle of θ radians will correspond to an arc ...
These identities are useful whenever expressions involving trigonometric functions need to be simplified. An important application is the integration of non-trigonometric functions: a common technique involves first using the substitution rule with a trigonometric function, and then simplifying the resulting integral with a trigonometric identity.
The two figures below show 3D views of respectively atan2(y, x) and arctan( y / x ) over a region of the plane. Note that for atan2(y, x), rays in the X/Y-plane emanating from the origin have constant values, but for arctan( y / x ) lines in the X/Y-plane passing through the origin have constant
The proofs given in this article use these definitions, and thus apply to non-negative angles not greater than a right angle. For greater and negative angles , see Trigonometric functions . Other definitions, and therefore other proofs are based on the Taylor series of sine and cosine , or on the differential equation f ″ + f = 0 ...
Note that the arctan functions implemented in computer languages only produce results between −π/2 and π/2, which is why atan2 is used to generate all the correct orientations. Moreover, typical implementations of arctan also might have some numerical disadvantages near zero and one. Some implementations use the equivalent expression: [3]
Often, these libraries use pre-calculated tables internally, and compute the required value by using an appropriate interpolation method. Interpolation of simple look-up tables of trigonometric functions is still used in computer graphics , where only modest accuracy may be required and speed is often paramount.
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The derivative of arctan x is 1 / (1 + x 2); conversely, the integral of 1 / (1 + x 2) is arctan x. If = ...