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Lewis's woodpecker: Melanerpes lewis (Gray, GR, 1849) 35 Guadeloupe woodpecker: Melanerpes herminieri (Lesson, RP, 1830) 36 Puerto Rican woodpecker: Melanerpes portoricensis (Daudin, 1803) 37 Red-headed woodpecker: Melanerpes erythrocephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) 38 Acorn woodpecker: Melanerpes formicivorus (Swainson, 1827) 39 Yellow-tufted woodpecker
The largest surviving species is the great slaty woodpecker, which weighs 430 g (15 oz) on average and up to 563 g (19.9 oz), and measures 45 to 55 cm (18 to 22 in), but the extinct imperial woodpecker, at 55 to 61 cm (22 to 24 in), and ivory-billed woodpecker, around 48 to 53 cm (19 to 21 in) and 516 g (18.2 oz), were probably both larger.
The pileated woodpecker is now one of six species that the International Ornithological Committee and the Clements taxonomy place in genus Dryocopus. The North American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society concurs for the pileated and lineated woodpeckers, the only two of the six that occur in Central and North America.
The eggs are the second-largest of the North American woodpecker species, exceeded only by the pileated woodpecker's. Incubation is by both sexes for about 11 to 12 days. Commonly the male will sit on the eggs overnight, and both the male and female will incubate the eggs during the day. [23]
The pair excavates a new nest each year. Three-toed woodpeckers rely on disturbed, old-growth forests and are strongly associated with active spruce beetle infestations, with beetle-infested trees being important for the woodpeckers and other species that depend on the cavities they excavate. [7]
The acorn woodpecker is one of 24 species now placed in the genus Melanerpes that was introduced by Swainson in 1832. [6] [7] Within Melanerpes the acorn woodpecker is sister to a clade containing two South American species: the white woodpecker (Melanerpes candidus) and the white-fronted woodpecker (Melanerpes cactorum). [8] Seven subspecies ...
The downy woodpecker (Dryobates pubescens) is a species of woodpecker, the smallest in North America.Length ranges from 14 to 18 cm (5.5 to 7.1 in). Downy woodpeckers primarily live in forested areas throughout the United States and Canada, with the exception of deserts in the southwest and the northern tundra.
The genus Sphyrapicus was introduced in 1858 by the American naturalist Spencer Baird with the yellow-bellied sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius) as the type species. [2] The genus name combines the Ancient Greek sphura meaning "hammer" and pikos meaning "woodpecker". [3]
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