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Open defecation can pollute the environment and cause health problems and diseases. High levels of open defecation are linked to high child mortality, poor nutrition, poverty, and large disparities between rich and poor. [4] Ending open defecation is an indicator being used to measure progress towards the Sustainable Development Goal Number 6 ...
Child defecating in a canal in the slum of Gege in the city of Ibadan, Nigeria. Worldwide, 4.2 billion people live without "safely managed sanitation" and around 673 million people worldwide practice open defecation. [3]: 74 Having to urinate in the open can also be difficult for women and girls. Females tend to resort to the cover of darkness ...
Open defecation can pollute the environment and cause health problems. High levels of open defecation are linked to high child mortality, poor nutrition, poverty, and large disparities between rich and poor. [33]: 11 Ending open defecation is an indicator being used to measure progress towards the Sustainable Development Goal Number 6.
Open defecation is the practice of defecating out in the open, rather than using a toilet. "Open defecation free" (ODF) is a central term for community-led total sanitation (CLTS) programs. It primarily means the eradication of open defecation in the entire community. However, ODF can also include additional criteria, such as: [7]
Main causes of fecal–oral disease transmission include lack of adequate sanitation (leading to open defecation), and poor hygiene practices. If soil or water bodies are polluted with fecal material, humans can be infected with waterborne diseases or soil-transmitted diseases. Fecal contamination of food is another form of fecal-oral transmission.
Prior to defecation, the large intestine reabsorbs the water and other digestive solvents in the waste product in order to maintain proper hydration and overall equilibrium. [25] Diarrhea occurs when the large intestine is prevented, for any number of reasons, from sufficiently absorbing the water or other digestive fluids from fecal matter ...
The Indian government has been running the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Mission) since 2014 in order to eliminate open defecation and to convince people in rural areas to purchase, construct and use toilets, mainly pit latrines. [15] This campaign is a combination of building new toilets and encouraging behavior change. It is estimated ...
The development of environmental enteropathy (EE) is multifactorial, but predominantly associated with chronic exposure to contaminated food and water. This is especially true in environments where widespread open defecation and lack of sanitation are common. [2] [3] [1]