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The order of growth is then the least degree of any such polynomial function p. A nilpotent group G is a group with a lower central series terminating in the identity subgroup. Gromov's theorem states that a finitely generated group has polynomial growth if and only if it has a nilpotent subgroup that is of finite index.
The free abelian group has a polynomial growth rate of order d. The discrete Heisenberg group has a polynomial growth rate of order 4. This fact is a special case of the general theorem of Hyman Bass and Yves Guivarch that is discussed in the article on Gromov's theorem.
One of Gromov's compactness theorems: Gromov's compactness theorem (geometry) in Riemannian geometry; Gromov's compactness theorem (topology) in symplectic topology; Gromov's Betti number theorem Gromov–Ruh theorem on almost flat manifolds; Gromov's non-squeezing theorem in symplectic geometry; Gromov's theorem on groups of polynomial growth
See Gromov's theorem on groups of polynomial growth. (Also see D. Edwards for an earlier work.) The key ingredient in the proof was the observation that for the Cayley graph of a group with polynomial growth a sequence of rescalings converges in the pointed Gromov–Hausdorff sense.
Gromov's theorem on groups of polynomial growth; N. Nilpotent group; Nilsequence This page was last edited on 15 November 2014, at 20:41 (UTC). Text is available ...
Grinberg's theorem (graph theory) Gromov's compactness theorem (Riemannian geometry) Gromov's compactness theorem (symplectic topology) Gromov's theorem on groups of polynomial growth (geometric group theory) Gromov–Ruh theorem (differential geometry) Gross–Zagier theorem (number theory)
The Tits alternative is an important ingredient [2] in the proof of Gromov's theorem on groups of polynomial growth. In fact the alternative essentially establishes the result for linear groups (it reduces it to the case of solvable groups, which can be dealt with by elementary means).
Theorems which use quasi-isometry invariants to prove algebraic results about groups, for example: Gromov's polynomial growth theorem; Stallings' ends theorem; Mostow rigidity theorem. Quasi-isometric rigidity theorems, in which one classifies algebraically all groups that are quasi-isometric to some given group or metric space.