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Kidney disease can affect drug elimination, absorption, and distribution in the body, leading to altered serum drug concentrations. This can increase the risk of drug toxicity or suboptimal therapeutic effects. As a result, dosage adjustments are necessary for patients who fail to achieve the desired therapeutic serum drug levels. [27]
Those with kidney problems may require a decrease in dose. [4] Cefalexin was developed in 1967. [8] [9] [10] It was first marketed in 1969 under the brand name Keflex. [11] [12] It is available as a generic medication. [4] [13] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [14]
Wide range of infections; penicillin used for streptococcal infections, syphilis, and Lyme disease: Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea; Allergy with serious anaphylactic reactions; Brain and kidney damage (rare) Same mode of action as other beta-lactam antibiotics: disrupt the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls ...
Narrow-spectrum antibiotics have low propensity to induce bacterial resistance and are less likely to disrupt the microbiome (normal microflora). [3] On the other hand, indiscriminate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics may not only induce the development of bacterial resistance and promote the emergency of multidrug-resistant organisms, but also cause off-target effects due to dysbiosis.
β-Lactam antibiotics are indicated for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible organisms. At first, β-lactam antibiotics were mainly active only against gram-positive bacteria, yet the recent development of broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics active against various gram-negative organisms has increased their usefulness.
The evidence that preventive antibiotics decrease urinary tract infections in children is poor. [72] However recurrent UTIs are a rare cause of further kidney problems if there are no underlying abnormalities of the kidneys, resulting in less than a third of a percent (0.33%) of chronic kidney disease in adults. [73]
Ginger has skin cancer, which has manifested in a kidney-shaped tumor about 5 inches in length near the base of her rib cage on her right side. We apply a Mozotic suspension ointment to a gauze ...
There are various forms, [2] and some drugs may affect kidney function in more than one way. Nephrotoxins are substances displaying nephrotoxicity. Nephrotoxicity should not be confused with some medications predominantly excreted by the kidneys needing their dose adjusted for the decreased kidney function (e.g., heparin, lithium).