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Shifting right by n bits on an unsigned binary number has the effect of dividing it by 2 n (rounding towards 0). Logical right shift differs from arithmetic right shift. Thus, many languages have different operators for them. For example, in Java and JavaScript, the logical right shift operator is >>>, but the arithmetic right shift operator is >>.
Left arithmetic shift Right arithmetic shift. In an arithmetic shift, the bits that are shifted out of either end are discarded. In a left arithmetic shift, zeros are shifted in on the right; in a right arithmetic shift, the sign bit (the MSB in two's complement) is shifted in on the left, thus preserving the sign of the operand.
The two basic types are the arithmetic left shift and the arithmetic right shift. For binary numbers it is a bitwise operation that shifts all of the bits of its operand; every bit in the operand is simply moved a given number of bit positions, and the vacant bit-positions are filled in.
In Java, C, and C++, the operator >> is the right-shift operator. In C++ it is also used to get input from a stream, similar to the C functions getchar and fgets. In Haskell, the >> function is a monadic operator. It is used for sequentially composing two actions, discarding any value produced by the first.
unsigned short: long: unsigned long: long long: unsigned long long: int: unsigned int: C++ (C++11 variable-width) Objective-C signed char or int8_t: unsigned char or uint8_t: short or int16_t: unsigned short or uint16_t: int or int32_t: unsigned int or uint32_t: long long or int64_t: unsigned long long or uint64_t: NSInteger or long: NSUInteger ...
int num =-1; unsigned int val = 1 << num; // shifting by a negative number - undefined behavior num = 32; // or whatever number greater than 31 val = 1 << num; // the literal '1' is typed as a 32-bit integer - in this case shifting by more than 31 bits is undefined behavior num = 64; // or whatever number greater than 63 unsigned long long val2 ...
In the above pseudocode, all variables are unsigned integers. All variables, except for byte_of_data, have the same number of bits as the FNV hash. The variable, byte_of_data, is an 8-bit unsigned integer. As an example, consider the 64-bit FNV-1 hash: All variables, except for byte_of_data, are 64-bit unsigned integers.
Overrides of std_logic_vector are defined for signed and unsigned arithmetic. It defines numeric types and arithmetic functions for use with synthesis tools. Two numeric types are defined: UNSIGNED (represents UNSIGNED number in vector form) and SIGNED (represents a SIGNED number in vector form). The base element type is type STD_LOGIC.