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Solar road stud. Solar road studs are flashing solar cell powered LED low-maintenance lighting devices that delineate road edges and centrelines. Embedded in the road surface, they are an electronic improvement on the traditional cat's eyes [1] and raised pavement marker in that they may give drivers a larger reaction window.
Compared with other types of warning devices, the effectiveness of the embedded pavement flashing light system seems to be high. [4] When approaching a crosswalk with an embedded pavement flashing light system, drivers are more apt to slow down and yield to pedestrians than when drivers approach a crosswalk with another type of lighted warning device. [5]
The orange markers separate opposing traffic lanes. The blue marker denotes a fire hydrant on the left sidewalk. A raised pavement marker is a safety device used on roads. These devices are usually made with plastic, ceramic, thermoplastic paint, glass or occasionally metal, and come in a variety of shapes and colors.
The paint and tape markers can cause the road surface to crack, and in more severe cases, the markers contribute to road surface raveling [22] (a process in which the aggregate particles are dislodged from the road surface, causing the surface texture to become deeply pitted and very rough [23]) or potholes.
Road traffic control devices are markers, signs and signal devices used to inform, guide and control traffic, including pedestrians, motor vehicle drivers and bicyclists. These devices are usually placed adjacent, over or along the highways , roads, traffic facilities and other public areas that require traffic control .
Traffic signal preemption (also called traffic signal prioritisation) is a system that allows an operator to override the normal operation of traffic lights.The most common use of these systems manipulates traffic signals in the path of an emergency vehicle, halting conflicting traffic and allowing the emergency vehicle right-of-way, thereby reducing response times and enhancing traffic safety.
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It is estimated that installation of energy efficient street lighting in the 10 largest metropolitan areas in the U.S. could reduce annual carbon dioxide emissions by 1.2 million metric tons, the equivalent of taking 212,000 vehicles off the road, and save at least $90 million annually in electricity costs.