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  2. List of intellectuals of the Enlightenment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_intellectuals_of...

    French: Roman Catholic priest, philosopher and first atheist writer since ancient times. Author of Testament, a book length essay, which supplied arguments and rhetoric used by other enlightenment authors such as Denis Diderot, Baron d'Holbach and Voltaire. La Mettrie: 1709–1751: French: Physician and early French materialist philosopher.

  3. Philosophes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophes

    The philosophes (French for 'philosophers') were the intellectuals of the 18th-century European Enlightenment. [1] Few were primarily philosophers; rather, philosophes were public intellectuals who applied reason to the study of many areas of learning, including philosophy, history, science, politics, economics and social issues.

  4. List of French philosophers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_French_philosophers

    A list of notable French philosophers This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources .

  5. Age of Enlightenment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment

    The term "Enlightenment" emerged in English in the latter part of the 19th century, [148] with particular reference to French philosophy, as the equivalent of the French term Lumières (used first by Jean-Baptiste Dubos in 1733 and already well established by 1751). From Kant's 1784 essay "Beantwortung der Frage: Was ist Aufklärung?"

  6. French philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_philosophy

    Voltaire came to embody the Enlightenment. French philosophy in the 18th century was deeply political. It was heavily imbued with Enlightenment principles and many of its philosophers became critics of church and state and promoters of rationality and progress. These philosophers would come to have a deep influence on the politics and ...

  7. Jean-Jacques Rousseau - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau

    Jean-Jacques Rousseau (UK: / ˈ r uː s oʊ /, US: / r uː ˈ s oʊ /; [1] [2] French: [ʒɑ̃ʒak ʁuso]; 28 June 1712 – 2 July 1778) was a Genevan philosopher (), writer, and composer.. His political philosophy influenced the progress of the Age of Enlightenment throughout Europe, as well as aspects of the French Revolution and the development of modern political, economic, and educational ...

  8. Voltaire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire

    François-Marie Arouet (French: [fʁɑ̃swa maʁi aʁwɛ]; 21 November 1694 – 30 May 1778), known by his nom de plume M. de Voltaire (/ v ɒ l ˈ t ɛər, v oʊ l-/, [2] [3] [4] US also / v ɔː l-/; [5] [6] French: [vɔltɛːʁ]), was a French Enlightenment writer, philosopher (), satirist, and historian.

  9. Lumières - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumières

    The French Revolution in particular represents a violent application of the Lumières' philosophy, especially during the Reign of Terror, the interregnum of the Jacobins. Descartes characterised the desire for a "rational" and "spiritual" revolution as one that aimed to eradicate the Church, and Christianity, entirely.