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Parallel task scheduling (also called parallel job scheduling [1] [2] or parallel processing scheduling [3]) is an optimization problem in computer science and operations research. It is a variant of optimal job scheduling .
Loop-level parallelism is a form of parallelism in software programming that is concerned with extracting parallel tasks from loops.The opportunity for loop-level parallelism often arises in computing programs where data is stored in random access data structures.
Task parallelism (also known as function parallelism and control parallelism) is a form of parallelization of computer code across multiple processors in parallel computing environments. Task parallelism focuses on distributing tasks —concurrently performed by processes or threads —across different processors.
There are many pleasingly parallel problems that have such relatively independent code blocks, in particular systems using pipes and filters. For example, when producing live broadcast television, the following tasks must be performed many times a second: Read a frame of raw pixel data from the image sensor,
Optimal job scheduling is a class of optimization problems related to scheduling. The inputs to such problems are a list of jobs (also called processes or tasks) and a list of machines (also called processors or workers). The required output is a schedule – an assignment of jobs to machines. The schedule should optimize a certain objective ...
Embarrassingly parallel problems are highly amenable to this approach. [citation needed] The number of threads may be dynamically adjusted during the lifetime of an application based on the number of waiting tasks. For example, a web server can add threads if numerous web page requests come in and can remove threads when those requests taper down.
Note that the scheduler is not obligated to run this procedure in parallel; the keyword merely alerts the scheduler that it can do so. A sync statement indicates that execution of the current function cannot proceed until all previously spawned function calls have completed. This is an example of a barrier method.
A task-parallel model focuses on processes, or threads of execution. These processes will often be behaviourally distinct, which emphasises the need for communication. Task parallelism is a natural way to express message-passing communication. In Flynn's taxonomy, task parallelism is usually classified as MIMD/MPMD or MISD.