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Gospels are a genre of ancient biography in early Christian literature. The New Testament includes four canonical gospels, but there are many gospels not included in the biblical canon. [3] These additional gospels are referred to as either New Testament apocrypha or pseudepigrapha.
The New Testament [a] (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon.It discusses the teachings and person of Jesus, as well as events relating to first-century Christianity.
The canon of the New Testament is the set of books many modern Christians regard as divinely inspired and constituting the New Testament of the Christian Bible.For most churches, the canon is an agreed-upon list of 27 books [1] that includes the canonical Gospels, Acts, letters attributed to various apostles, and Revelation.
The first four books of the Christian New Testament are the canonical gospels: Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. In addition, a number of non-canonical gospels exist or existed but are not officially included in the Christian Bible.
Like the rest of the New Testament, the four gospels were written in Greek. [56] The Gospel of Mark probably dates from c. AD 66 –70, [18] Matthew and Luke around AD 85–90, [19] and John AD 90–110. [20], which puts their composition likely within the lifetimes of various eyewitnesses, including Jesus's own family.
Only place in the New Testament where Jesus is referred to as "the son of Mary". [103] Mark is the only gospel where Jesus himself is called a carpenter; [103] in Matthew he is called a carpenter's son. [104] Only place that both names his brothers and mentions his sisters; [103] Matthew has a slightly different name for one brother. [104]
In 1751, New Testament theologian Johann Jakob Wettstein knew of only 23 uncial codices of the New Testament. [1] By 1859, Constantin von Tischendorf had increased that number to 64 uncials, and in 1909 Caspar René Gregory enumerated 161 uncial codices.
The Gospel of John, like all the gospels, is anonymous. [14] John 21:22 [15] references a disciple whom Jesus loved and John 21:24–25 [16] says: "This is the disciple who is testifying to these things and has written them, and we know that his testimony is true". [11]