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In disciplines including forensic anthropology, bioarchaeology, osteoarchaeology, Paleontology and zooarchaeology Minimum number of individuals, or MNI, refers to the fewest possible number of people or animals in a skeletal assemblage. It is used to determine an estimate of how many people or animals are present in a cluster of bones.
A set of mammal bones which may be from several specimens. In various archaeological disciplines including archaeology, forensic anthropology, bioarchaeology, osteoarchaeology and zooarchaeology, the number of identified specimens (also number of individual specimens or number of individual species), or NISP, is defined as the number of identified specimens for a specific site.
[10]: 2 When examining animal remains, it is common that there are bones that are too small or too damaged to be able to accurately identify it. [10]: 3 Archaeological context can be used to help with assumptions about species identification. [10]: 3 Skeletal classification is the other half of properly identifying animal remains.
A skeleton is the structural frame that supports the body of most animals.There are several types of skeletons, including the exoskeleton, which is a rigid outer shell that holds up an organism's shape; the endoskeleton, a rigid internal frame to which the organs and soft tissues attach; and the hydroskeleton, a flexible internal structure supported by the hydrostatic pressure of body fluids.
ZooMS is the most common archaeological application of peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) and can be used for species identification of bones, teeth, skin and antler. It is commonly used to identify objects that cannot be identified morphologically.
A total of 32 identifiable bone fragments have been attributed to the dog. These have been used to estimate a number of the animal's characteristics. Osteoarthritis, alongside signs of enamel defects, missing teeth, and gum disease, indicate that the Bonn–Oberkassel dog survived a canine distemper infection as a puppy. Due to the high ...
Wolverines are observed finding large bones invisible in deep snow and are specialists at scavenging bones specifically to cache. Wolverine upper molars are rotated 90 degrees inward, which is the identifying dentition characteristic of the family Mustelidae (weasel family), of which the wolverine has the most mass, so they can crack the bones and eat the frozen marrow of large animals.
Occipital bone: forms the joint between the skull and the first vertebrae of the neck (the atlas) Temporal bones: contain the eternal acoustic meatus, which transmits sound from the ear to the cochlea (eardrum) Zygomatic bones: attach to the temporal bone to form the zygomatic arch (cheek bone) Palatine bones: form the back of the hard palate