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British colonies in South Asia, East Asia, And Southeast Asia: British Burma (1824–1948, merged with India by the British from 1886 to 1937) British Ceylon (1833-1948, now Sri Lanka) British Hong Kong (1842–1997) Colonial India (includes the territory of present-day India, Pakistan and Bangladesh) Danish India (1696–1869) Swedish ...
The first phase of European colonization of Southeast Asia took place throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. Where new European powers competing to gain monopoly over the spice trade, as this trade was very valuable to the Europeans due to high demand for various spices such as pepper, cinnamon, nutmeg, and cloves.
Although nationalist movements throughout the colonial world led to the political independence of nearly all of Asia's remaining colonies, decolonization was intercepted by the Cold War. Southeast Asia, South Asia , the Middle East, and East Asia remained embedded in a world economic, financial, and military system in which the great powers ...
French Indochina (previously spelled as French Indo-China), [a] [b] officially known as the Indochinese Union [c] [d] and after 1941 as the Indochinese Federation, [e] was a federation of French colonies and later associated states in Southeast Asia.
Niah Cave entrance at sunset. The region was already inhabited by Homo erectus from approximately 1,500,000 years ago during the Middle Pleistocene age. [22] Data analysis of stone tool assemblages and fossil discoveries from Indonesia, Southern China, the Philippines, Sri Lanka and more recently Cambodia [23] and Malaysia [24] has established Homo erectus migration routes and episodes of ...
Universities such as the Royal Leiden University founded in the 16th century have developed into leading knowledge centres about Southeast Asian and Indonesian studies. [ note 6 ] Leiden University has produced academics such as Colonial adviser Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje who specialised in native oriental (Indonesian) affairs, and it still ...
The remaining part of southeast France and the French colonies were under a nominally independent government, headed by World War I hero Marshal Philippe Pétain. Japan, not yet allied with Germany until the signing of the Tripartite Pact in September 1940, asked for German help in stopping supplies going through Indochina to China.
The Vietnamese perspective on the Japanese occupation of French Indochina was complex. On one hand, Japanese occupation led the Vietnamese people to think about rebellion against the Western powers controlling Southeast Asia. Japan was potentially an Asian power that might "liberate" them from European colonial rule.