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The potato (/ p ə ˈ t eɪ t oʊ /) is a starchy tuberous vegetable native to the Americas that is consumed as a staple food in many parts of the world. Potatoes are underground tubers of the plant Solanum tuberosum, a perennial in the nightshade family Solanaceae. Wild potato species can be found from the southern United States to southern Chile.
These potatoes also have coloured skin, but many varieties with pink or red skin have white or yellow flesh, as do the vast majority of cultivated potatoes. The yellow colour, more or less marked, is due to the presence of carotenoids. Varieties with coloured flesh are common among native Andean potatoes, but relatively rare among modern varieties.
The potato later arrived in Europe sometime before the end of the 16th century by two different ports of entry: the first in Spain around 1570, [18] and the second via the British Isles between 1588 and 1593. The first written mention of the potato is a receipt for delivery dated 28 November 1567 between Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and Antwerp.
The Vivaldi potato is field immune to potato wart, and highly resistant to potato viruses A and Y. It is moderately resistant to leaf roll, potato virus X, late blight on tuber, silver scurf, blackleg and black dot, and is moderately susceptible to late blight on leaves, common scab, powdery scab, rhizoctonia and skin spot. [3]
The Désirée potato (sometimes rendered Desirée or Desiree) is a red-skinned main-crop potato originally bred in the Netherlands in 1962. It has yellow flesh with a distinctive flavour and is a favourite with allotment -holders because of its resistance to drought, and is fairly resistant to disease. [ 1 ]
Dirt protects the potatoes from premature spoiling, and storing moist potatoes could lead to mold Store potatoes in cool but not cold temperatures; between 45°F and 55°F is ideal.
In the 1840s, infestations of Phytophthora infestans devastated a series of potato harvests, leading to widespread famine and emigration. The cumulative effects of both catastrophes, exacerbated by British rule, lowered Ireland's total population by approximately 2 million , of which approximately 1 million were fatalities.
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