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Development of the megagametophyte and fertilization in Arabidopsis thaliana. MMC ... and the female gametophyte is sometimes called the embryo sac or embryonic sac.
Plant embryonic development, also plant embryogenesis, is a process that occurs after the fertilization of an ovule to produce a fully developed plant embryo. This is a pertinent stage in the plant life cycle that is followed by dormancy and germination . [ 1 ]
This results in a structure with two nuclei, also called a binucleate embryonic sac. The two nuclei migrate to opposite sides of the embryonic sac. Each haploid nucleus then undergoes two rounds of mitosis which creates 4 haploid nuclei on each end of the embryonic sac. One nucleus from each set of 4 migrates to the center of the embryonic sac.
The parts of a flower Double fertilization. Double fertilization or double fertilisation (see spelling differences) is a complex fertilization mechanism of angiosperms.This process involves the fusion of a female gametophyte or megagametophyte, also called the embryonic sac, with two male gametes (sperm).
The female gametophyte — specifically termed a megagametophyte — is also called the embryo sac in angiosperms. The megagametophyte produces an egg cell for the purpose of fertilization. The ovule is a small structure present in the ovary. It is attached to the placenta by a stalk called a funicle. The funicle provides nourishment to the ovule.
An endosperm is formed after the two sperm nuclei inside a pollen grain reach the interior of a female gametophyte or megagametophyte, also called the embryonic sac.One sperm nucleus fertilizes the egg cell, forming a zygote, while the other sperm nucleus usually fuses with the binucleate central cell, forming a primary endosperm cell (its nucleus is often called the triple fusion nucleus).
Angiosperms have distinctive reproductive organs called flowers, with carpels, and the female gametophyte is greatly reduced to a female embryo sac, with as few as eight cells. Each pollen grains contains a greatly reduced male gametophyte consisting of three or four cells.
Once the pollen tube reaches an ovule, it bursts to deliver the two sperm cells. One of the sperm cells fertilizes the egg cell which develops into an embryo, which will become the future plant. The other one fuses with both polar nuclei of the central cell to form the endosperm, which serves as the embryo's
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