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One commonly used film is a heat-shrink plastic which is attached to the window frame using double-sided pressure-sensitive tape. A hair dryer is used to remove creases and improve optical clarity. Reduced heat flow also helps prevent condensation [3] [4] [5] which is triggered when the temperature of the inside surface falls below the dew point.
A radiant barrier reflects heat radiation (radiant heat), preventing transfer from one side of the barrier to another due to a reflective, low emittance surface. In building applications, this surface is typically a very thin, mirror-like aluminum foil. The foil may be coated for resistance to the elements or for abrasion resistance.
Window insulation reduces heat transfer from one side of a window to the other. The U-value is used to refer to the amount of heat that can pass through a window, called thermal transmittance, with a lower score being better. [1] The U-factor of a window can often be found on the rating label of the window.
The ceramic and metallic window films usually cost 50-100+ percent more than regular window film but they can reduce energy transmission by as much as 80 percent. [4] Ceramic window films cost slightly more but provide a substantial increase by reflecting and absorbing infrared radiation (IR or radiant heat).
Many thin films offer high solar reflectance and heat emittance. However, films with precise patterns or structures are not scalable "due to the cost and technical difficulties inherent in large-scale precise lithography" (2022), [9] or "due to complex nanoscale lithography/synthesis and rigidity" (2021). [73]
Low emissivity (low e or low thermal emissivity) refers to a surface condition that emits low levels of radiant thermal (heat) energy. All materials absorb, reflect, and emit radiant energy according to Planck's law but here, the primary concern is a special wavelength interval of radiant energy, namely thermal radiation of materials.
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