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Sex differences in psychology are differences in the mental functions and behaviors of the sexes and are due to a complex interplay of biological, developmental, and cultural factors. Differences have been found in a variety of fields such as mental health , cognitive abilities , personality , emotion , sexuality , friendship , [ 1 ] and ...
A further annotation exists on a separate definition stating that "The word sex tends now to refer to biological differences, while gender often refers to cultural or social ones." [ 24 ] Merriam-Webster defines sex as "either of the two major forms of individuals that occur in many species and that are distinguished respectively as female or ...
For PTSD, genders differences in coping mechanisms has been proposed as a potential explanation for observed gender differences in PTSD prevalence rates. [43] Though PTSD is a common diagnosis associated with abuse and trauma for men and women, the "most common mental health problem for women who are trauma survivors is depression". [ 79 ]
Although the term has undergone some changes since then, today it represents how an individual feels and expresses their gender, typically through masculinity or femininity. [4] Through this definition, gender has often been used as a variable to study how particular parts of people, (i.e. one's sexuality), can ultimately be informed by gender.
A recent study that aimed to identify gender differences in social cognition did not show significant differences, with few exceptions. The study authors state: "The presence of sex differences in social cognition is controversial". [73]
The relationship between sex differences in the brain and human behavior is a subject of controversy in psychology and society at large. [ 115 ] [ 116 ] Many females tend to have a higher ratio of gray matter in the left hemisphere of the brain in comparison to males.
A 2009 study in developmental psychology examined non-cognitive traits including blood parameters and birth weight as well as certain cognitive traits, and concluded that "greater intrasex phenotype variability in males than in females is a fundamental aspect of the gender differences in humans". [19]
The neuroscience of sex differences is the study of characteristics that separate brains of different sexes. Psychological sex differences are thought by some to reflect the interaction of genes, hormones, and social learning on brain development throughout the lifespan.