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  2. Statistical inference - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_inference

    Statistical inference makes propositions about a population, using data drawn from the population with some form of sampling.Given a hypothesis about a population, for which we wish to draw inferences, statistical inference consists of (first) selecting a statistical model of the process that generates the data and (second) deducing propositions from the model.

  3. Foundations of statistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundations_of_statistics

    Classical inferential statistics emerged primarily during the second quarter of the 20th century, [6] largely in response to the controversial principle of indifference used in Bayesian probability at that time. The resurgence of Bayesian inference was a reaction to the limitations of frequentist probability, leading to further developments and ...

  4. Checking whether a coin is fair - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checking_whether_a_coin_is...

    In statistics, the question of checking whether a coin is fair is one whose importance lies, firstly, in providing a simple problem on which to illustrate basic ideas of statistical inference and, secondly, in providing a simple problem that can be used to compare various competing methods of statistical inference, including decision theory.

  5. Statistical population - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_population

    In statistics, a population is a set of similar items or events which is of interest for some question or experiment. [1] A statistical population can be a group of existing objects (e.g. the set of all stars within the Milky Way galaxy) or a hypothetical and potentially infinite group of objects conceived as a generalization from experience (e.g. the set of all possible hands in a game of ...

  6. Mathematical statistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_statistics

    inferential statistics – the part of statistics that draws conclusions from data (using some model for the data): For example, inferential statistics involves selecting a model for the data, checking whether the data fulfill the conditions of a particular model, and with quantifying the involved uncertainty (e.g. using confidence intervals).

  7. Statistical theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_theory

    The theory of statistics provides a basis for the whole range of techniques, in both study design and data analysis, that are used within applications of statistics. [1] [2] The theory covers approaches to statistical-decision problems and to statistical inference, and the actions and deductions that satisfy the basic principles stated for these different approaches.

  8. Statistical hypothesis test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_hypothesis_test

    The above image shows a table with some of the most common test statistics and their corresponding tests or models.. A statistical hypothesis test is a method of statistical inference used to decide whether the data sufficiently supports a particular hypothesis.

  9. Inverse probability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_probability

    Inverse probability, variously interpreted, was the dominant approach to statistics until the development of frequentism in the early 20th century by Ronald Fisher, Jerzy Neyman and Egon Pearson. [3] Following the development of frequentism, the terms frequentist and Bayesian developed to contrast these approaches, and became common in the 1950s.