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The compressive strength of bricks produced in the United States ranges from about 7 to 103 MPa (1,000 to 15,000 lbf/in 2), varying according to the use to which the brick are to be put. In England clay bricks can have strengths of up to 100 MPa, although a common house brick is likely to show a range of 20–40 MPa.
Clay is used in many modern industrial processes, such as paper making, cement production, and chemical filtering. Between one-half and two-thirds of the world's population live or work in buildings made with clay, often baked into brick, as an essential part of its load-bearing structure. Clay is a very common substance.
Bricks are molded and baked blocks of clay. Brick products come in many forms, including structural brick, face brick, roof tile, structural tile, paving brick, and floor tile. Caliche is a soft limestone material which is mined from areas with calcium-carbonate soils and limestone bedrock.
Modern fired clay bricks are formed from clays or shales, shaped and then fired in a kiln for 8–12 hours at a temperature of 900–1150 °C. [ 43 ] [ f ] The result is a ceramic that is mainly composed of silica and alumina, with other ingredients such as quartz sand.
Kiln fired clay bricks are a ceramic material. Fired bricks can be solid or have hollow cavities to aid in drying and make them lighter and easier to transport. The individual bricks are placed upon each other in courses using mortar. Successive courses being used to build up walls, arches, and other architectural elements. Fired brick walls ...
In local brickyards, they were called "clay-dogs" either because of their animal-like forms or the concretions were nuisances in molding bricks. [ 81 ] [ 82 ] [ 83 ] Similar disc-shaped calcium carbonate concretions have also been found in the Harricana River valley in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue administrative region of Quebec , and in ...
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An old Puolimatka's brick factory in Kissanmaa, Tampere, Finland, in the 1960s. Most brickworks have some or all of the following: A kiln, for firing, or 'burning' the bricks. Drying yard or shed, for drying bricks before firing. A building or buildings for manufacturing the bricks. A quarry for clay. A pugmill or clay preparation plant (see ...