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In the European Union, an Electronic Money Institution can be licensed in any country member but can act and provide services in all EU and EEA countries. [6] The legal basis for e-money issuance in the European Union is covered by EU Directive 2009/110/EC, on the taking up, pursuit and prudential supervision of the business of electronic money institutions establishes, issued by the European ...
Chaum published the idea of anonymous electronic money in a 1983 paper; [1] eCash software on the user's local computer stored money in a digital format, cryptographically signed by a bank. The user could spend the digital money at any shop accepting eCash, without having to open an account with the vendor first, or transmitting credit card ...
Mondex is an open-loop implementation of the electronic cash scheme - instead of transactions occurring only in one way, money can be transferred between any Mondex user. A transfer of funds using the Mondex card (dubbed an 'electronic purse') operated through a Mondex-enabled device, and in principle occurred between 2 cards - whether it was 2 ...
Because electronic money is technically neutral, it can be issued on different media including prepaid cards and electronic wallets. [3] In 2019, Monerium became the first company authorized to issue e-money on blockchains. [4] According to PayPal, UK, "PayPal enables individuals and businesses to send and receive electronic money online". [5]
Taxonomy of money, based on "Central bank cryptocurrencies" by Morten Linnemann Bech and Rodney Garratt. Digital currency (digital money, electronic money or electronic currency) is any currency, money, or money-like asset that is primarily managed, stored or exchanged on digital computer systems, especially over the internet.
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Payments as a service (PaaS) is a marketing phrase used to describe software as a service to connect a group of international payment systems.The architecture is represented by a layer – or overlay – that resides on top of these disparate systems and provides for two-way communications between the payment system and the PaaS.
Virtual currency, or virtual money, is a digital currency that is largely unregulated, issued and usually controlled by its developers, and used and accepted electronically among the members of a specific virtual community. [1]