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2. Drainage gradient - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drainage_gradient

   Drainage gradient (DG) is a term in road design, defined as the combined slope due to road surface cross slope (CS) and longitudinal slope (hilliness). Although the term may not be used, the concept is also used in roof design and landscape architecture. If the drainage gradient is too low, rain and melt water drainage will be insufficient.

3. Cross slope - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross_slope

   Cross slope, cross fall or camber is a geometric feature of pavement surfaces: the transverse slope with respect to the horizon. It is a very important safety factor. Cross slope is provided to provide a drainage gradient so that water will run off the surface to a drainage system such as a street gutter or ditch.

4. Cellular confinement - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_confinement

   Early research (Bathurst and Jarrett, 1988) [13] found that cellular confinement reinforced gravel bases are "equivalent to about twice the thickness of unreinforced gravel bases" and that geocells performed better than single sheet reinforcement schemes (geotextiles and geogrids) and were more effective in reducing lateral spreading of infill under loading than conventional reinforced bases.

5. French drain - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_drain

   A diagram of a traditional French drain. A French drain [1] (also known by other names including trench drain, blind drain, [1] rubble drain, [1] and rock drain [1]) is a trench filled with gravel or rock, or both, with or without a perforated pipe that redirects surface water and groundwater away from an area.

6. Drainage equation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drainage_equation

   Theoretically, Hooghoudt's equation can also be used for sloping land. [8] The theory on drainage of sloping land is corroborated by the results of sand tank experiments. [9] In addition, the entrance resistance encountered by the water upon entering the drains can be accounted for. Definitions of drainage of sloping land and entrance resistance

7. Permeable paving - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permeable_paving

   Unlike a full-depth porous asphalt pavement, OGFCs do not drain water to the base of a pavement. Instead, they allow water to infiltrate the top 3/4 to 1.5 inch of the pavement and then drain out to the side of the roadway. This can improve the friction characteristics of the road and reduce road spray. [27]