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The Anopheles mosquito, a vector for malaria, filariasis, and various arthropod-borne-viruses (arboviruses), inserts its delicate mouthpart under the skin and feeds on its host's blood. The parasites the mosquito carries are usually located in its salivary glands (used by mosquitoes to anaesthetise the host).
A vector is an organism which spreads disease-causing parasites or pathogens from one host to another. Invertebrates spread bacterial, viral and protozoan pathogens by two main mechanisms. Invertebrates spread bacterial, viral and protozoan pathogens by two main mechanisms.
For diseases where there is no effective cure, such as Zika virus, West Nile fever and Dengue fever, vector control remains the only way to protect human populations. [citation needed] However, even for vector-borne diseases with effective treatments the high cost of treatment remains a huge barrier to large amounts of developing world populations.
Human-to-human transmission (HHT) is an epidemiologic vector, [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] especially in case the disease is borne by individuals known as ...
Transmission can also be indirect, via another organism, either a vector (e.g. a mosquito or fly) or an intermediate host (e.g. tapeworm in pigs can be transmitted to humans who ingest improperly cooked pork). Indirect transmission could involve zoonoses or, more typically, larger pathogens like macroparasites with more complex life cycles.
Paratransgenesis is a technique that attempts to eliminate a pathogen from vector populations through transgenesis of a symbiont of the vector. The goal of this technique is to control vector-borne diseases. The first step is to identify proteins that prevent the vector species from
airborne transmission – if the microorganism can remain in the air for long periods; fecal-oral transmission – usually from contaminated food or water sources; vector borne transmission – carried by insects or other animals.
Furthermore, arthropod-borne diseases have been at the forefront of vector-borne diseases, bringing epidemics of plague, tularemia, yellow fever, malaria, Japanese encephalitis, Eastern equine encephalitis, West Nile Virus disease, leishmaniasis, and several others. Epidemiologically-relevant transstadial transmission is primarily observed in ...