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People with insulin-dependent diabetes typically require some base level of insulin (basal insulin), as well as short-acting insulin to cover meals (bolus also known as mealtime or prandial insulin). Maintaining the basal rate and the bolus rate is a continuous balancing act that people with insulin-dependent diabetes must manage each day.
Regular insulin, also known as neutral insulin and soluble insulin, is a type of short-acting medical insulin. [2] It is used to treat type 1 diabetes , type 2 diabetes , gestational diabetes , and complications of diabetes such as diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic states . [ 5 ]
- Intermediate acting (i.e NPH insulin) with onset in 2 hours and duration of about 14 hrs. - Long acting (i.e. detemir) with onset in 1 hr. and duration of about 24 hrs. - Premixed which are usually combinations of short and long acting insulin. Insulin is usually taken several times per day in patients who require it to control their diabetes ...
Meglitinides help the pancreas produce insulin and are often called "short-acting secretagogues." They act on the same potassium channels as sulfonylureas, but at a different binding site. [ 29 ] By closing the potassium channels of the pancreatic beta cells, they open the calcium channels, thereby enhancing insulin secretion.
Pramlintide has been approved on 3/16/2005 by the FDA, for use by type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients who use insulin. [6] (subscription required) Pramlintide allows patients to use less insulin, lowers average blood sugar levels, and substantially reduces what otherwise would be a large unhealthy rise in blood sugar that occurs in diabetics right after eating.
Less glucose is absorbed because the carbohydrates are not broken down into glucose molecules. In diabetic patients, the short-term effect of these drugs therapies is to decrease current blood glucose levels: the long-term effect is a small reduction in hemoglobin A1c level. [19]
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved a fast-acting diabetes drug called Afrezza for use by adults with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes. The drug is inhaled into the lungs using a small ...
Lente insulin (from Italian lento, "slow"; also called insulin zinc suspension) was an intermediate duration insulin that is no longer used in humans. [1] The onset of lente insulin is one to two hours after the dose is administered, and the peak effect is approximately 8 to 12 hours after administration, with some effects lasting over 24 hours.
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