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A valid logical argument is one in which the conclusion is entailed by the premises, because the conclusion is the consequence of the premises. The philosophical analysis of logical consequence involves the questions: In what sense does a conclusion follow from its premises? and What does it mean for a conclusion to be a consequence of premises ...
An informal fallacy in which a conclusion is not logically justified by sufficient or unbiased evidence; drawing a general conclusion from a too-small sample size. Henkin semantics A generalization of standard first-order semantics that allows for models where the range of quantifiers can be restricted, named after Leon Henkin.
Deductive reasoning is the psychological process of drawing deductive inferences.An inference is a set of premises together with a conclusion. This psychological process starts from the premises and reasons to a conclusion based on and supported by these premises.
Linguistic entailments are entailments which arise in natural language.If a sentence A entails a sentence B, sentence A cannot be true without B being true as well. [1] For instance, the English sentence "Pat is a fluffy cat" entails the sentence "Pat is a cat" since one cannot be a fluffy cat without being a cat.
In natural language, an instance of the paradox of entailment arises: It is raining. And It is not raining. Therefore George Washington is made of rakes. This arises from the principle of explosion, a law of classical logic stating that inconsistent premises always make an argument valid; that is, inconsistent premises imply any conclusion at all.
Logic is the formal science of using reason and is considered a branch of both philosophy and mathematics and to a lesser extent computer science.Logic investigates and classifies the structure of statements and arguments, both through the study of formal systems of inference and the study of arguments in natural language.
With the advent of algebraic logic, it became apparent that classical propositional calculus admits other semantics.In Boolean-valued semantics (for classical propositional logic), the truth values are the elements of an arbitrary Boolean algebra; "true" corresponds to the maximal element of the algebra, and "false" corresponds to the minimal element.
Here are examples: "A valid logical argument is one in which its conclusions follow from its premises, and its conclusions are consequences of its premises"; or "A valid logical argument is one in which its conclusion follows from its premises, and its conclusion is a consequence of its premises"; or "Valid logical arguments are ones in which ...