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Illustrated diagram of large cervical cancer tumor. The most common application of cervical drug delivery is for treatment of cervical cancer. Due to the direct route provided through the use of cervical drug delivery mechanisms, it proves to be the most effective route with the lowest number of side effects. [8] The localized treatment has ...
Research has also shown a link between cervical cancer and long-term use of combined hormonal contraception, particularly in women with chronic HPV infection of the cervix. [37] Combined hormonal contraceptives are also associated with a decreased risk of endometrial, ovarian, and colorectal cancers.
A 2013 meta-analysis concluded that every use of birth control pills is associated with a modest increase in the risk of breast cancer (relative risk 1.08) and a reduced risk of colorectal cancer (relative risk 0.86) and endometrial cancer (relative risk 0.57). Cervical cancer risk in those infected with HPV is increased. [124]
Have untreated cervical or uterine cancer [24] Have, or may have, breast cancer [24] Have abnormalities of the cervix or uterus [47] (controversial) [46] Have had pelvic inflammatory disease within the past three months [24] Have had an STI such as chlamydia or gonorrhea within the past three months [24] Have liver disease or tumor [47]
Hormonal contraception works primarily by preventing ovulation, but it may also thicken the cervical mucus inhibiting sperm penetration. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Hormonal contraceptives also have effects on the endometrium, [ 6 ] [ 7 ] that theoretically could affect implantation.
All contain an estrogen, ethinylestradiol or mestranol, [1] [2] in varying amounts, and one of a number of different progestogens. (Regarding the estrogen, the inactive 3-methyl ether of ethinylestradiol, which must be metabolized by the liver into the active ethinylestradiol; 50 μg of mestranol is equivalent to only 35 μg of ethinylestradiol and should not be used when high-dose [50 μg ...
In the late 1960s through 1971 a cluster of young women, from their teens into their twenties, was mysteriously diagnosed with clear-cell adenocarcinoma (CCA), a cancer not generally found in women until after menopause. Doctors at Massachusetts General Hospital eventually linked DES exposure before birth to the development of CCA in these ...
Gynecologic oncology is a specialized field of medicine that focuses on cancers of the female reproductive system, including ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, vaginal cancer, cervical cancer, and vulvar cancer. As specialists, they have extensive training in the diagnosis and treatment of cancers.