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The Biblical Hebrew Shabbat is a verb meaning "to cease" or "to rest", its noun form meaning a time or day of cessation or rest. Its Anglicized pronunciation is Sabbath. A cognate Babylonian Sapattu m or Sabattu m is reconstructed from the lost fifth Enūma Eliš creation account, which is read as: "[Sa]bbatu shalt thou then encounter, mid[month]ly".
The commandment to keep Shabbat as a day of rest is repeated many times in the Hebrew Bible.Its importance is also stressed in Exodus 31:12–17: . 12 And יהוה said to Moses: 13 Speak to the Israelite people and say: Nevertheless, you must keep My sabbaths, for this is a sign between Me and you throughout the ages, that you may know that I יהוה have consecrated you. 14 You shall keep ...
This Shabbat is known as Shabbat Shuvah ("Sabbath [of] Return"), based on the Haftarah read after the weekly Torah portion, which starts with the word "Shuva" literally meaning "Return!", thus playing into the theme of the Ten Days. Alternatively it is known as Shabbat Teshuvah, due to the same theme. The tenth and last day is Yom Kippur.
The punishment in ancient times for desecrating Shabbat is the most severe punishment in Jewish law. [26] In addition, the divine punishment for desecrating Shabbat, kareth (spiritual excommunication), is the most severe of divine punishments in Judaism. [27] On Shabbat an offering of two lambs was brought in the temple in Jerusalem. [28]
The most familiar mitzvah that depends on the time of day is Jewish prayer. The morning Shema must be read between dawn [6] and three variable hours after sunrise. (A "variable hour" is one-twelfth of the time between sunrise and sunset, or according to another opinion between dawn and the appearance of stars at twilight.
Study Guide to the JPS Bible Commentary: Haftarot. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 2002. ISBN 0-8276-0718-0. David L. Leiber. "Etz Hayim: Torah & Commentary" available from www.jewishpub.org, 2001. Hillel Bakis, Comprendre la haftara. Les prophètes de l’année juive d’après la tradition rabbinique. I. Fêtes, jeûne, chabbat ...
The term shomer Shabbat is derived from the wording of one of the Ten Commandments in Deuteronomy (5:14-15), which instructs the Hebrews to "observe" the Sabbath day and sanctify it. (In Exodus, the Decalogue states that they should "remember" the Sabbath.) The exact term "shomer Shabbat" appears in the Hebrew Bible only in Isaiah 56:2,6.
Haifa al-Jadida (New Haifa) and modern Haifa In 1764–1765 Zahir al-Umar moved the village to a new site 2.5 kilometres ( 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 miles) to the east, which he also fortified. [ 20 ] The new village, the nucleus of modern Haifa, was first called al-imara al-jadida (Arabic: "the new construction") by some, but others residing there called it ...