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Aristotle says rhetoric is the counterpart (antistrophe) of dialectic. [1]: I.1.1–2 He explains the similarities between the two but fails to comment on the differences. Here he introduces the term enthymeme. [1]: I.1.3 Chapter Two Aristotle defines rhetoric as the ability in a particular case to see the available means of persuasion.
Aristotle's art of rhetoric emphasizes persuasion as the purpose of rhetoric. His definition of rhetoric as "the faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion", essentially a mode of discovery, limits the art to the inventional process; Aristotle emphasizes the logical aspect of this process.
In classical rhetoric, the Common Topics (koinoi topoi)were a short list of four traditional topics regarded as suitable to structure an argument. [citation needed] In Aristotle's Rhetoric, the common topics are discussed in Book II. [1] They are generally considered to be heuristic. [1]
The modes of persuasion, modes of appeal or rhetorical appeals (Greek: pisteis) are strategies of rhetoric that classify a speaker's or writer's appeal to their audience. These include ethos , pathos , and logos , all three of which appear in Aristotle's Rhetoric . [ 1 ]
Aristotle first lists out five types of endoxa which one can begin reasoning from: [8] the views of everyone; the views of the preponderant majority; the views of the recognized experts; the views of all the experts; the views of the most famous. Aristotle then defines three types of reasoning in an argument:
Epideictic rhetoric praises and blames, acknowledging that which is noble or shameful, honorable or dishonorable. The rhetorical situation is a concept important for understanding rhetorical approaches to genre and the creation of new genres. [5] Campaign speeches are an example of how rhetorical situations recur, producing sedimented genres.
Still, the Art of Rhetoric is cited as an example of epideictic work. [3] Epideixis may not deserve the charge of lacking depth. The charge that this branch of rhetoric lacks depth can be countered by the recognition that it systematizes the successful attribution of value (to things, people, or concepts).
The Organon (Ancient Greek: Ὄργανον, meaning "instrument, tool, organ") is the standard collection of Aristotle's six works on logical analysis and dialectic. The name Organon was given by Aristotle's followers, the Peripatetics , who maintained against the Stoics that Logic was "an instrument" of Philosophy.