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Mass wasting, also known as mass movement, [1] is a general term for the movement of rock or soil down slopes under the force of gravity. It differs from other processes of erosion in that the debris transported by mass wasting is not entrained in a moving medium, such as water, wind, or ice.
The temperature difference between 850 hPa (5,000 feet (1,500 m) above sea level) and 500 hPa (18,000 feet (5,500 m) above sea level) is used to parameterize the vertical temperature lapse rate. The 850 hPa dew point provides information on the moisture content of the lower atmosphere.
This causes a mass accumulation that eventually leads to a vertical movement and to the formation of clouds and precipitation. [1] Large-scale convergence, called synoptic-scale convergence, is associated with weather systems such as baroclinic troughs , low-pressure areas , and cyclones .
Atmospheric circulation is the large-scale movement of air and together with ocean circulation is the means by which thermal energy is redistributed on the surface of the Earth. The Earth's atmospheric circulation varies from year to year, but the large-scale structure of its circulation remains fairly constant.
This is in recognition that the response of the Earth to glacial loading and unloading is not limited to the upward rebound movement, but also involves downward land movement, horizontal crustal motion, [3] [6] changes in global sea levels [7] and the Earth's gravity field, [8] induced earthquakes, [9] and changes in the Earth's rotation. [10]
The removal of mass from a region will be isostatically compensated by crustal rebound. If we take into consideration typical crustal and mantle densities, erosion of an average 100 meters of rock across a broad, uniform surface will cause the crust to isostatically rebound about 85 meters and will cause only a 15-meter loss of mean surface ...
The triggering causes induce the movement of the mass. Predisposition to movement due to control factors is determining in landslide evolution. Structural and geological factors, as already described, can determine the development of the movement, inducing the presence of mass in kinematic freedom.
Sediment transport is the movement of solid particles (), typically due to a combination of gravity acting on the sediment, and the movement of the fluid in which the sediment is entrained.